parttype: add parttype class and functions

Parttype is a container for partition types in libfdisk.

In python-libfdisk, the only way to create parttype instances
is using the corresponding label-specific function:

	get_parttype_from_{code,string}

This function wraps libfdisk's label_get_parttype_from_code (lookup DOS
label parttype by hex code) and label_get_parttype_from_string (lookup
GPT parttype by type uuid)

For example, to get the parttype instance of 'EFI System'
partition type of a GPT label, with type uuid
'c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b':

>>> import fdisk
>>> cxt = fdisk.Context('./disk.bin', readonly=False)
>>> cxt.create_disklabel('gpt')
>>> efitype = cxt.label.get_parttype_from_string("c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b")
>>> efitype
<libfdisk.PartType object at 0x7f503e4a5270, name=EFI System>

See:

https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/v2.34/libfdisk-docs/libfdisk-Partition-types.html
https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/v2.34/libfdisk-docs/libfdisk-Label.html#fdisk-label-get-parttype-from-code
https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/v2.34/libfdisk-docs/libfdisk-Label.html#fdisk-label-get-parttype-from-string

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